Exploring the toy market in the Song Dynasty: there are specialized hand workshops for wholesale and retail separation

In the heart of ancient China, during the Song Dynasty, toys were not just simple playthings—they were a reflection of culture, craftsmanship, and daily life. One vivid scene describes Song Jiang and Lu Junyi riding through the bustling streets of Tokyo, where they come across a man in the market holding an object that made a sound when moved. This was a "Hu Knock," a toy that used a **gyro** to spin on a balance ring, creating a musical effect. The clever stick was a small baton used to strike a bell, while the small rope connected two sticks, forming a basic percussion mechanism. Toys in the Song Dynasty were not only beloved by children but also became part of festival traditions. In *The Vendor Map* by Li Wei, we see images of children joyfully gathering around a seller who played drums, which were considered toys. In *Jade Pot Qinghua*, written by Shang Wenying, there's a story about General Cao Bin, who as a child would play with small objects like cockroaches and beans, showing an early talent for leadership and strategy. There were even specialized workshops producing toys, such as the "Shantinger" and "Baotaer," which were sold in large quantities. Merchants traveled from place to place, buying and selling these items in markets. For example, one young man named Xiao Ge was known for his laziness, but he eventually got involved in selling small toys like buildings and figures, which were popular among children. This shows that by the Song Dynasty, toys had evolved into more than just entertainment—they were part of a thriving commercial industry. There were distinct quality levels, and both **wholesale** and retail systems were well established. The toy market was vast, offering everything from **kites** and miniature guns to chess sets, buckets, and shadow puppets. High-end toys were crafted with great care, using materials like fine wood and decorated with pearls and jade. These luxury items could cost tens of thousands of coins, making them highly valuable. Among the most popular were the small clay figurines known as "mud babies" or "Qiaoer." These were delicate, varied in size, and often worn as accessories. Suzhou was famous for its high-quality clay dolls, and in Hangzhou, there was even a "Baby Lane" where children played with mud figures. One particularly skilled artisan from Shaanxi created tiny clay figures, just a few inches tall, yet full of grace and detail. A single figure could sell for 10 coins, while a set of five to seven could cost up to 30,000. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Yuan Yuchang from Wu County was renowned for his lifelike clay dolls, which were so realistic that they seemed to breathe. Their intricate details—teeth, eyebrows, hair, and clothing—made them true masterpieces of the era.

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