Hardcover book processing operations - book block processing

Second, hardcover book core processing

The processing of hardcover book cores, processing after folding, matching, and locking, and the processing of hardcover books are mainly divided into three major processes: book block, book cover, and nesting. Normally, the book block is processed first, then the book cover is processed, and finally the entire process of making the hardcover book is completed.

1. Book block processing process and requirements. The book block processing process is mainly flattening, the first brushing, cutting, rounding, ridge, the second brush glue, adhesive bookmark ribbon and plug cloth and sticky gauze and the back of the book and so on.

(1) Flattening. The process of compacting the book block that is about to lock the book. After the sewing of the book block with the sewing thread, as the line floats through the slits, the lock is loosely inconsistent, the air between the sheets is not removed, and the class is loose and uneven, especially the back part of the book. In order to facilitate the processing of the next process modeling, the book must be passed after the flattening process. The function of flattening is to remove the air in the book block and make the high back part of the book shrink. Make the book block flat, solid, uniform thickness, improve the quality of the book block modeling, in order to facilitate the processing of the subsequent process. The flattened book block thickness should be compatible with the finished book case.

Operational requirements:

1 Adjust the pressure (high and low) rules of the press according to the actual thickness of the book block pressed and looseness, and perform normal work after the pressure test is correct.

2 The book block should be neatly collided, and there should be no missing posts or skewed dumping phenomenon. When flattening, put it flat and place it right.

3 After the calendar, the thickness of the book blocks should be the same, and the number of layers should be the same after stacking on the paper table. The four corners do not overflow, each code is one layer, and the pressure pad is one layer (top) One layer is also required to hold the plate in order to keep the thickness of the book block substantially uniform without deformation.

4 When flattening, the pressure should be properly, not too large or too small. Excessive pressure on the back of the book is affected; the pressure is too small to play a flattening effect, and the roundness of the book is increased after the ridge is rounded, which affects the fitting.

(2) First brushing. After the book block is flattened, the glue is glued on the back of the book, and the book bindings are bonded together. The function of the book block is to make the book block basic shape and prevent the mutual movement between the signatures during the processing of the subsequent process.

The rubber used for gluing is required to be lean (low viscosity has only a stereotype effect), and only a thin layer or spaced brush can be applied to the back surface of the book by applying a few narrow strips of adhesive. The degree of glue should be such that the book block will not spread under the pressure of the back ridge process, and should be dried after brushing. The degree of drying should be appropriate. Generally, when the book block is dried, the book block should be dried to 80% or so. Drying affects rounding work.

After the flattening of the book block, it is necessary to carry out brushing, and some of them are trimmed after brushing, and some are trimmed and then cut. Both methods have their own characteristics. The first brushing glue can make the posts in the book block not easy to move, and the rear brushing glue is conducive to rounding and shaping.

There are two ways to operate:

One is manual brushing. When brushing manually, use a brush to dip a thin layer of thin glue on the surface of the back of the book, lightly (or spaced). When the book back glue dry to 78% (with non-adhesive pages and hand appropriate), the next process can be processed.

The other type is machine brushing. The machine's brushing is performed using the glue dryer of the hardcover book production line. That is, the flattened book blocks are shaken by a roller, and then the book block is clamped by a clip board, and the movable rubber roller and the glue plate are applied to the surface of the back of the book block by the transmission, and then the drying.

Operational requirements:

1 The glue used should be thin (no batter can be used), the viscosity of the over-thick glue is strong, it affects the accuracy of the circularity, and it is not easy to shape.

2 It should be thin and uniform when brushing, especially the ends of the book block must be evenly brushed, and there must be no signature of the leaking brush.

(3) cutting. Hardcover books and magazines are cut in the same way as general books and finished products and are usually placed on a three-sided cutter for cutting. In order to improve ergonomics, thin book blocks are often cut several times together on a book cutter. If you use hardcover production line processing, it is done locally at the time of cutting.

(4) Rounding. The back of the cut book is made into a circular arc shape, so that the book sections and even the book pages are evenly staggered with each other, and the operation process of cutting a circular arc is called a circle. The role of the round is to make the book easy to read, but also improve the binding fastness between the book block and the book shell. In order to improve the quality of rounding, it is sometimes necessary to add a “rounding” or “first rounding” procedure before the rounding.

The book's back circularity is calculated from the thickness of the book block, and the central angle of the circle after the book is rounded should generally be between 120° and 140°.

There are manual and machine operation points for rounds. There are two methods for hand-rounding. One is to use a bamboo scraper to deform the book block. One is to hammer the back of the book to shape it. Machine rounds are performed in the round ridge machines of the hardcover production line.

The method of scraping and scraping back with a bamboo plate is to pick up a book core with the back facing outward and the front mouth facing inwards (by the body), and the thumbs of both hands are inserted into the book block, and the position is half or three points in its thickness. The second place. In addition, the four fingers are pressed against the surface of the book block, and the thumb presses against the book block. The four points move the pages of the book block from the outermost side to the middle part of the thickness of the book block and gradually pull away a certain distance (micro). The front edge of the book block presents an arc. Then one hand presses the surface of the book block lying flat, and the other hand uses a bamboo plate to press the back part of the book to force it back and forth so that the back of the book becomes an arc. Hold the book block upside down and scrape the other side in the same way until the back of the book block is turned into two symmetrical circumferences.

The method of knocking back with a wooden hammer is to: cut a book block after brushing, with the back facing inwards (by the side), the front facing outwards (as opposed to the previous method), and the left hand. Fingers (except for the thumb) are inserted into the book block (front mouth), about half or two thirds of the thickness of the book block, and the thumb presses against the surface of the book block; the upper and lower fingers cooperate to pinch the book block together In the half, the forward mouth is partially softened or push-pulled (the position of the book block cannot be moved); after the upper half of the poem's book is softly pulled into a certain circle, one hand presses down on the circular motion of the book block, and the other uses a wooden hammer. Push the parts back and forth several times along the back of the book (generally 3 to 5 times); pinch the book block and roll over, and use the same method to beat the other half until the back of the book block meets the requirements.

After rounding up the book block, the back and front sections of the book should be staggered and staggered (not too high to avoid collapse). When a cross is piled up, the top one of each stack must be pressed with iron and other objects. Press tightly to prevent the circular potential from disappearing or disappearing and returning to the original phenomenon.

Operational requirements:

1 The size of the roundness of a circle depends on the thinness and size of the book. In general, books should be thin, roundness should be larger, and book thickness circle should be smaller.

2 After rounding the book block, the roundness is always the same, and it must not be big at one end and not skewed. The upper and lower corners of the cut side should be vertical.

3 When you find that there are leaks at both ends, you should apply glue immediately to prevent the ends of the book from tearing.

(5) Ridge. Also called a ridge or a ridge. In order to prevent the already round book block core from being deformed, it is also necessary for the book to be neat and tidy in order to fit the hard case. The book block is about to knead the rounded spine under a lot of pressure, and a groove formed by the protrusion is formed at the joint between the back of the book and the surface of the book. The spine that emerges is like the ear of a book, so it is also called the book ear. The ridge height is generally the same as the thickness of the shell paper, and the ridge is a key process in the binding of the hardcover book, which has a great influence on the durability of the book.

There are two kinds of manual and machine operations. The ridge of the machine is carried out in a round ridge machine in the hardcover production line.

The hand-raised tool has a hoe with a wedge-shaped splint that supports the spine and the ridge. The hoe is made of wood and iron. During operation, the rounded book block is placed flat on the spine back plate. The rotating wrench gently clamps the book block so that the back of the book spine is parallel to the edge of the plate. The spine is partially exposed on the splint. About 3mm outside, slightly larger than the thickness of the cover board, because the height of the spine should be equivalent to the total thickness of the cover, glue, cardboard (ie, spine = cover + adhesive + cardboard). After selecting the position according to the regulations, turn the wrench to position the book block and perform the knocking or ridge operation.

When picking up ridges, take the hoe, and focus on the middle of the back of the book. Use force to be appropriate, first light and heavy, and soft and hard. The direction of the back of the book is biased toward both sides. When knocking, it is not possible to press forward (especially on both sides of the book) with vertical force. It is necessary to unilaterally force and force the back signature to bend on both sides and knock it to the required extent. After ridged, the book block is removed from the plywood frame and placed on the pad (Figure 3-40a, b). The protruding spine is exposed on the outside of the pad, and the intersections are stacked together.

Operational requirements:

1 When the book block is clamped and positioned, it must be flattened, and the corners should not be skewed perpendicularly. The back of the book should be parallel and uniform.

2 When the ridges are used, they should be used with force, not cracked or wrinkled. The finished books are strong, straight, and maintain the correct circumnavigation.

The height of the three ridges should be the same, usually 3mm, and the angle between the protruding part of the spine and the written document is generally maintained at about 60°.

After 4 ridges of book blocks, they should be stacked staggeredly and staggered. Each ridge should be plated to prevent deformation of the spine (Figure 3-40c, d).

(6) Second brushing. The second brushing of hardcover book block processing refers to applying a layer of adhesive on both ends of the back of the book block after ridges, which is used for pasting the plug cloth and the bookmark tape. Therefore, only brush the upper and lower ends of the back of the book, the width of the glue can be slightly wider than the plug cloth.

The manual operation of the second gluing process first staggers the book block after the ridge, and the back and the front mouth are staggered and staggered, stacked neatly into a stack, and the back of the book is exposed on both sides, and then the glue is applied. When brushing, push the brush from the middle of the book block to the two ends. Do not brush back and forth to prevent the glue from scratching the upper and lower cuts to make the page sticky or torn off. The second brushing machine operation is to stick the gauze after the first sticky cloth.

Operational requirements:

1 glue brush 蘸 glue should not be too much to prevent the glue spilled on the incision.

2 The glue should be even (with a thick glue), the glue layer is thin and not thick, thick and not stacked.

(7) Adhesive tape and adhesive plug cloth. Immediately after the glue is applied, the bookmark tape and the adhesive plug cloth are adhered. The bookmark tape is generally made of silk, and the length is the length of the diagonal of the attached book. It is adhered to the top of the back of the book by about 10mm, and it is sandwiched between the pages of the book. The length of the exposed book block is 10 to 20mm (Figure 3-41a). .

Stick the head cloth immediately after sticking the tape. The plug cloth is attached to both sides of the spine, so that the bookbinding is more solid and plays a decorative role. The width of the plug cloth is about 10-15mm, and the length is the same as the arc size of the back of the book.

When manually sticking the head cloth, hold down one stack of book blocks to be glued in one hand and hold the plug cloth in one hand. Hold the plug with the thumb and stick it to the correct position of the upper and lower ends of the book back (Fig. 3- 41b), the sticky cloth behind the sticky cloth, and the line ribs should be exposed on the outside of the book block, so as to cover the folds of the signatures of the signatures and make the appearance beautiful and firm. The machine adhesive plug cloth is carried out in the hardcover production line.

Operational requirements:

1 The position of the plug cloth should be correct and not be skewed. Its edge should be parallel to the upper and lower cut surface of the book block, and it should not be bent or wrinkled.

The length of the 2 plug cloth should be the same as the arc length of the back of the book (±1mm).

The third time after sticking the plug cloth, apply the glue for gauze and spine paper. The third brushing method and requirements are basically the same as those for the second brushing, except that the rubber surface should not exceed the plugging cloth so as not to affect the appearance quality of the book.

(8) Gauze and back paper. The purpose of sticky gauze and back paper is to cover the seam of the spine and improve the firmness of the spine; the length of the gauze should be 15 to 20 mm shorter than the length of the book block, and the width should be about 40 mm larger than the back thickness of the book. The length of the spine is generally 4mm shorter than the length of the book block, which is slightly greater than the edge of the plug fabric, and is the same width as the back of the spine (or the same as the gauze). During operation, the pre-cut gauze is affixed to the back of the book after brushing the glue. After the gauze is finished, the glue that passes through can be immediately glued to the spine.

Operational requirements:

1 gauze and back