The researchers said for the first time that intravenous injection of a genetically engineered virus can target cancer and kill tumor cells in patients without harming healthy tissue. For many years, scientists have been fascinated by the idea of ​​using viruses to remind the immune system to find and destroy cancer cells. In recent years, with advances in genetic engineering, they have been able to customize the virus against tumors. However, the only "oncolytic virus" approved by regulatory agencies so far is used in China to treat head and neck cancers. In a study published in the journal Nature on Wednesday, scientists from institutions such as the University of Ottawa and private biotechnology company Jennerex said a small-scale early trial of experimental viral therapy JX-954 It was found that it continued to act on tumors with minimal side effects and short duration. The experimental virus will next undergo mid-term testing in patients with liver cancer. Dr. John Bell, the chief scientific officer of Jannarex Corporation and a senior scientist at the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, said: "Chemotherapy has strong side effects. Patients receiving this therapy only have 24 hours of flu symptoms, and everything is normal. The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the safety of JX-954. The trial involves 23 patients with various types of advanced cancer. The trial also found that 6 of the 8 patients who received the highest dose of JX-954 had tumors that stabilized or shrank. There is evidence that in this group, the virus replicated in the tumors of 7 patients (ie 87%), but did not replicate in their normal tissues. Dr. Bell said the next step is to conduct viral therapy trials on 120 liver cancer patients. He said that earlier tests of JX-954 showed that the virus is highly active in liver cancer. Because some liver cancers are caused by viruses (such as hepatitis B virus), those cancer cells may be more sensitive to another virus. JX-954 is taken from a virus that was once commonly used to vaccinate children against smallpox. (Bioon.com) doi: 10.1038 / nature10358 PMC: PMID: Intravenous delivery of a multi-mechanistic cancer-targeted oncolytic poxvirus in humans Caroline J. Breitbach; James Burke; Derek Jonker; Joe Stephenson; Andrew R. Haas; Laura QM Chow; Jorge Nieva; Tae-Ho Hwang; Anne Moon; Richard Patt; Adina Pelusio; Fabrice Le Boeuf; Joe Burns; Laura Evgin; Naomi De Silva; Sara Cvancic; Terri Robertson; Ji-Eun Je; Yeon-Sook Lee; Kelley Parato; Jean-Simon Diallo; Aaron Fenster; Manijeh Daneshmand; John C. Bell; David H. Kirn The efficacy and safety of biological molecules in cancer therapy, such as peptides and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), could be markedly increased if high concentrations could be achieved and amplified selectively in tumour tissues versus normal tissues after intravenous administration. This has not been achievable so far in humans. We hypothesized that a poxvirus, which evolved for blood-borne systemic spread in mammals, could be engineered for cancer-selective replication and used as a vehicle for the intravenous delivery and expression of transgenes in tumours. JX-594 is an oncolytic poxvirus engineered for replication, transgene expression and amplification in cancer cells harbouring activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) / Ras pathway, followed by cell lysis and anticancer immunity 1. Here we show in a clinical trial that JX-594 selected infects , replicates and expresses transgene products in cancer tissue after intravenous infusion, in a dose-related fashion. Normal tissues were not affected clinically. This platform technology opens up the possibility of multifunctional products that selectively express high concentrations of several complementary therapeutic and imaging molecules in metastatic solid tumours in humans.
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