Primary Antibody The primary antibody is a specific protein that recognizes and binds to a target antigen. It can be either monoclonal or polyclonal, depending on its source and production method. The main role of the primary antibody is to identify and bind to the molecule of interest in a sample. Secondary Antibody The secondary antibody is an antibody that binds to the primary antibody. Unlike the primary antibody, which directly targets the antigen, the secondary antibody serves to detect the presence of the primary antibody and amplify the signal for easier visualization. Secondary antibodies are typically raised in a different species from the primary antibody and are often conjugated with labels such as fluorescent dyes, enzymes, or radioactive markers. For example, a rabbit anti-AIV IgG antibody might be used as the secondary antibody when a mouse anti-H5 hemagglutinin monoclonal antibody is used as the coating antibody in a detection system. Difference Between Primary and Secondary Antibodies The primary antibody is designed to recognize and bind to a specific antigen, while the secondary antibody recognizes and binds to the primary antibody itself. This distinction is crucial in immunoassays like ELISA, Western blot, or immunohistochemistry. The primary antibody acts as the "recognition" tool, whereas the secondary antibody functions as the "detection" tool. Since antibodies can act as antigens themselves, the secondary antibody is generated by immunizing an animal with the primary antibody, allowing the immune system to produce a response against it. How They Work Together The primary antibody is responsible for identifying the target molecule (antigen) in the sample. However, this binding is not visible to the naked eye. That's where the secondary antibody comes into play. It binds to the primary antibody and carries a detectable label, making the presence of the primary antibody—and thus the antigen—visible. In some cases, the primary antibody may already be labeled, eliminating the need for a secondary antibody. However, this approach is less common due to higher costs and limited versatility. Most modern assays rely on a labeled secondary antibody to enhance sensitivity and flexibility. About Zhengzhou Weier Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou Weier Biotechnology Co., Ltd. is a comprehensive enterprise integrating research, production, and sales. The company offers a wide range of biological products including reagents, chemical materials, preclinical testing supplies, ELISA kits, antibodies, standards, and culture media. With a complete product line and reliable quality, we welcome both new and returning customers to inquire about our services and products. Whether you're conducting research or developing diagnostic tools, we are here to support your needs with high-quality solutions. Aluminum Mirror,Aluminum Mirror Lenses,Silver Aluminum Mirror,Aluminum Coated Mirror Dongguan Huahui Glass Manufacturing Co.,Ltd , https://www.antiquemirrorsupplier.com