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Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology's latest Science. Have you remembered the last question?
When it comes to distribution, even companies like Federal Express® and UPS® can't match the efficiency of the human body. The biological system responsible for packaging and delivering genetic material is incredibly complex, and it plays a crucial role in whether or not cancer develops.
At the heart of this system are histones—proteins that help package DNA into a compact structure known as chromatin. Abnormalities in chromatin organization are now believed to contribute to DNA damage and cancer development. Researchers from the Li Haitao team at Tsinghua University’s School of Medicine and the Shi Xiaobing group at MD Anderson Cancer Center have uncovered a new player in this process: a protein called the YEATS domain. This protein acts as a "reader" that recognizes specific modifications on histones, potentially offering a new way to manipulate chromatin function.
Shi Xiaobing, an assistant professor at MD Anderson, emphasized the significance of their findings: “Our research shows that the YEATS domain functions as a novel reader of histone acetylation. This discovery opens up new possibilities for understanding and targeting cancer-related processes.†Their work was recently published in the journal *Cell*.
DNA wraps around histones to form nucleosomes, which then condense into chromatin. This packaging helps protect DNA, prevent damage, and regulate gene activity during cell division. Histone modifications such as acetylation and methylation are essential for proper chromatin function. These chemical marks act as signals for proteins that recognize and respond to them, influencing gene expression and other critical cellular events.
While several histone methylation readers have been identified, there are far fewer known for histone acetylation. In fact, for about a decade, bromodomains were considered the only major class of acetylation readers. Now, with the discovery of YEATS domains, scientists believe they’ve found another key player in this process.
Shi added, “Bromodomain inhibitors have already shown promise as potential cancer therapies. Our study suggests that YEATS domains may also be important targets, linking them to both health and disease.†Just like a barcode scanner is essential for successful delivery, these molecular readers are vital for ensuring proper DNA packaging and function. If something goes wrong in this system, it could lead to serious consequences—including cancer.