2 Key Technology Research 2-2 Physical Resources System Design 2-4 knowledge flow
Different from the traditional manufacturing model, green manufacturing requires design, materials, processes, packaging, and processing to be green in all stages of the product. Therefore, the PLM system in the green manufacturing mode needs to solve the following key technical issues.
2-1 Green Design
In green manufacturing, there are five key technologies, namely the so-called "five green" (green design, green material selection, green process planning, green packaging, green processing). This "five green" involves the entire life cycle of the product. Green design is the key, and the product can meet the requirements of the green standard. The decisive factor is whether the product is designed in green design, because research shows that 70% to 80% of product performance is determined in the design phase. Only by planning and designing according to the characteristics and standards of green products at the design stage can the final green characteristics of the product be guaranteed. Moreover, green design largely determines the greenness of materials, processes, packaging, and end-of-life treatment of products.
Green design requires full consideration of the impact on resources and the environment in the design of the product and its entire life cycle. While considering the function, quality, development cycle and cost of the product, the relevant design factors are optimized and the product is manufactured. The overall adverse impact of the process on the environment is minimized. Green design is also called an environment-oriented design. Its main contents include product structure design for the environment, design or restructuring of the environment-oriented manufacturing environment, process design for the environment, product packaging design for the environment, and product recycling treatment design for the environment.
The design and implementation of the green design subsystem at the application logic layer in Figure 4 emphasizes the organic integration of the application engineering design automation system (CAD/CAM system) and the green design. Therefore, the green design subsystem needs to include three levels of content: product research and development, functional unit design and material selection. For example, in the green design of an engineering vehicle, firstly, a CAD/CAM system is used to develop and design a green engineering vehicle, that is, a new type of construction vehicle that is free of pollution or less polluting. Then use green design techniques such as detachable design and recyclable design to make the construction vehicles more convenient for recycling and recycling. Finally, the use of green materials, that is, materials that are harmless to the environment, make the construction vehicles easier to dispose of after being scrapped.
The physical energy resource system is a logistics system and an energy flow system that are oriented to the entire product life cycle. In the logistics system, the most important and most important thing is the choice of materials for the environment. Environmental-oriented material selection is to select materials that have a negative impact on the ecological environment as much as possible in product design, that is, use green materials. However, on the one hand, green materials do not have a clear boundary. In reality, identification and selection are difficult to handle. On the other hand, when considering the greenness of products, materials must also consider the requirements of product features, quality, and cost. It can be seen that the choice of green materials is a complex issue that is both systematic and comprehensive. The authors propose that the material selection in the PLM integrated system adopts a cost-based selection method, that is, to meet the requirements of the project (including the requirements of functions, geometry, material properties, etc.) and the environment, so as to minimize the cost of the components. The establishment of a green material database is the basis for the selection of green materials. The database system in the architecture of Figure 3 should include a green material selection database. The completeness of this database will largely determine the greenness of product selection. Therefore, this green material database will need to be constantly updated and further refined. The energy flow system includes energy types, consumption conditions (constitution, utilization, loss rate, etc.) of each consumption link, and influence on the environment. Under the green manufacturing model, it is also necessary to comprehensively evaluate various kinds of power energy, and to minimize the cost based on meeting the needs of environmental protection and energy consumption.
2-3 Green Manufacturing Evaluation System
The green manufacturing evaluation system is a closed-loop system that evaluates the product throughout its life cycle. It analyzes the product lifecycle at various stages, as well as the overall resource and energy consumption, and assesses the main factors such as the detachability and recyclability of the product design. To assess whether the manufacturing of a product meets the requirements of green manufacturing, and where improvements should be made. Therefore, doing a good job in green manufacturing assessment is a very important and critical part of implementing a green manufacturing system. The green manufacturing evaluation system should include seven major categories: environmental attributes, resource attributes, energy attributes, economics, human resources, “green†management, and equipment maintenance. These include a wide variety of factors, both qualitative and quantitative. Indicators, so how to assess the status and extent of green manufacturing implementation is a very complex issue. The author proposes a method that is more suitable for evaluating green manufacturing—a model-based comprehensive assessment method. This method can be used to conduct joint assessments of all major green influencing factors, as well as a single assessment of some major factors. For example, there is a very important design method and method in the green design—the disassembly-oriented design. It is a design method that makes the product the easiest to disassemble and that can get the highest profits from material recycling and part reuse. Figure 5 shows the evaluation process for the disassembly design. The component design, material selection, and production process planning are performed according to product requirements. Then it enters the disassembly-oriented assessment, establishes the detachability information model, analyzes the product disassembly process, and assesses disassembly. Based on this, it proposes detachable design modifications and suggestions for improvement. After multiple evaluations, the best design is determined. Program. The entire process is a closed-loop feedback system, with improved levels and continuous improvement.
The PLM system generally only includes logistics, capital flow, and information flow, while the green manufacturing-based PLM system should also include knowledge flow (Figure 2). The knowledge flow in the system will provide effective support for green design, green material selection, green process planning, green packaging, and green processing technologies, and knowledge flow, logistics, and information flow should both be bidirectional, ie there is a feedback process. Specifically, logistics feedback means that resources are re-used through recycling. The two-way movement of information flow and knowledge flow in the various subsystems of the product makes the product more innovative and meets the requirements of green. The knowledge flow must be based on the establishment of a knowledge base. As shown in Figure 4, the green manufacturing knowledge base must be established on the underlying support of the system architecture. The library contains a large number of theories and expert experiences related to “green†manufacturing, such as the disassembly design evaluation rule base, the recycling design evaluation rule base, and the comprehensive decision rule base. At the same time, the library should also be open, allowing users to modify and supplement.
3 Conclusion
Green manufacturing is a manifestation of social sustainable development strategy in the manufacturing industry. It is a new model of sustainable corporate organization, management and operation. Compared with the traditional manufacturing model, the green manufacturing model puts forward new requirements for the informationization of enterprises. By analyzing the characteristics of green manufacturing, the information management model under the green manufacturing mode is given; and the integrated mode of the green manufacturing system and the PLM system is further explored, and the integrated architecture of the PLM system under the green manufacturing mode based on CORBA/Web technology is proposed. . This structure makes full use of the integration characteristics and respective advantages of these two advanced manufacturing technologies, and organically integrates information flow, knowledge flow, logistics, and capital flow in the enterprise. The key technical issues faced by the PLM system under the green manufacturing model are green design, physical energy resource subsystem design, green manufacturing evaluation system and knowledge flow.
Source: Green Guizhou