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Insects can be divided into food, leaf, root, phagocytosis, shell, sex, blood, etc. Wood pests are mainly food insects (or wood-eating insects) and fungus insects.
After the trees are harvested and the processing of the wood is processed, the moisture in the wood is gradually reduced, and the moisture content of the dried wood generally needs to reach 8% to 12% required for use. The wood moisture content is different, and the pests that are in the wood to lay eggs are different. Usually, the fiber's fiber saturation point (water content is 30%) is the boundary. The pests that are placed in the logs or sawn timber with a water content higher than the saturation point of the wood fiber are called wet pests, and the moisture content is lower than that of wood. Pests that lay eggs in dry or semi-dry wood at fiber saturation point are called dry matter pests. However, some pests harm both wet and dry materials. For example, pests that harm rubber wood are mainly aphids (beetles), such as whitefly, small aphids, long mites, long mites, etc., both wet and dry. Wood pests.
1.1 Wet material pests
After the trees are felled, the pests gradually smash or lay eggs in them. The wet pests that invade the wood are mainly small cockroaches and long cockroaches, that is, pinhole mites or small mites, which are small cockroaches and long cockroaches. The two main subfamilies of the family. A small channel, usually less than 2 mm, allows the pinhole aphid to drill into the sapwood and heartwood of the wood. After the adults of Xiaoyan and Changxiaoyu enter the wood, they drill, nest and breed in the wood, but do not feed on the wood, but use the fungus growing on the channel wall as a nutrient source.
Wet pests can damage newly felled logs and sawn timber. Dry wood is not easy to grow this cysticercosis, because humidity (moisture) is a necessary condition for the development of fungi, and without fungi, it loses the conditions for the survival of pinhole aphids.
Wood treated with a boron compound preservative, if not self-sufficient in time, has a high water content and is still at risk of being attacked by pinhole aphids. Therefore, it is necessary to add an insecticide having a poisoning/preventing effect against pinhole aphids, such as Antiborer l0EC, to the preservative, and it can also be treated separately with an insecticide. Wood treated with chromium arsenate (CCA), copper azole, and ammonia-soluble quaternary ammonium copper (ACQ) preservatives does not require separate treatment with insecticides.
1.2 dry material pests
Dry pests, also called pests, are pests that are parasitic in the form of wood (processing materials, construction materials, wood for furniture, etc.). Some of these pests are directly based on wood, that is, ingesting food from wood, such as the starch component of wood. The life cycle can be weeks or months depending on the living conditions and the difference in starch supply. Some are just nesting in wood and wood is the habitat. The beetle feeds on the wood, forming a passage, leaving a 2mm-sized outlet, but this is not a hazard. The destruction of the sapwood will affect the structural strength.
The dry pests that harm wood (especially rubber wood) are mainly scutellaria, whitefly, long scorpion, and most importantly, whitefly. Whitefly can cause serious damage to solid wood. The result of the damage is that the wood is turned into tiny powder by adults and larvae, especially when the wood is stored, even for building timber that is not in contact with the ground, and it also harms High quality plywood.
2 Causes of wood pests
Wood is an organic substance that is polymerized from various polymers. The main cause of pests is that in addition to the special structure of wood and cracks in wood, which are beneficial to pests, it is more important that wood contains pests. Nutrients. These nutrients are mainly:
1) Soluble sugar. Soluble sugar is a very sensitive substance of the eucalyptus insect, because it can be directly absorbed by insects and converted into energy (heat energy). Therefore, the more soluble sugars in the wood, the more susceptible to pests. Soluble sugar is mostly present in the cell cavity of the sapwood, so the sapwood is more susceptible to insect damage.
2) Starch. Starch is an important nutrient for eucalyptus pests. After being catalyzed by amylase in the worm, it is decomposed into glucose and absorbed by insects. Most of the starch is present in the sapwood, so the sapwood is more susceptible to pests.
3) Cellulose, hemicellulose. Both are a variety of substances, which are the main components of wood. After being treated by enzymes in the insects, they can be hydrolyzed into glucose and absorbed by the insects.
4) Trace elements. Protein, fat, and inorganic minerals in wood are also nutrients for wood pests.
5) Nitrogen. Nitrogen is an indispensable nutrient for larvae, but wood has a low nitrogen content, and wood pests must ingest large amounts of wood to sustain their lives.
6) Fungi. Some wood pests rely on fungi (mold) that are propagated in their nests, such as bee mites (pinhole mites, fungus mites).
3 Factors affecting wood pests
1) Nutrients. These include carbohydrates (soluble sugars and starches), cellulose, hemicellulose, trace elements and more.
2) Wood properties. The bark, sapwood, heartwood, early and late wood, density, water content, and extract of wood are all related to the degree of pests. The greater the hardness of the wood, the stronger the insect resistance; the smaller the density, the more susceptible to insect damage.
3) Temperature. Temperature plays a decisive role in the development and distribution of insects. Generally, the optimum growth temperature of insects is about 26 °C. Above and below this temperature, there is a temperature range that can grow, generally above 15 °C, and wood pests begin to move. The temperature starts at 38-45 °C, and the lethal temperature of the pest is generally higher than 48 °C. The cold resistance of the insect is strong, and the lethal temperature is below 0 °C.
4) Humidity (water content). Humidity does not directly affect the life of wood pests, but wood pests are sensitive to the moisture content of wood. Some pests can only develop on wood with low moisture content (ie dry wood), while some wood pests can only be found in water. High rate of development on wet wood.
4 Prevention and control of wood pests
4.1 Prevention and control of wet pests
The most effective way to control wet pests is to make the logs after felling as soon as possible, and dry them as soon as possible. As long as the moisture content of the wood reaches 20% or less, the damage of the wet pests to the wood can be prevented.
If it can't be dried in time, or air-dry (naturally dry) to save energy, it needs to be treated with insect control. It can be treated by simple methods such as spraying and dipping to achieve temporary protection, but it needs to use contact insecticide. Such as Antiborer lOEC insecticide.
4.2 Prevention and control of dry wood pests
Prevention and control of pests and diseases can not achieve complete control by rapid processing, and must be thoroughly treated with pesticides.
There are many types of insect repellents that can be used for wood, but comprehensive evaluation of insecticidal efficacy, toxicity to humans and animals, cost, ease of use, and the like, the best wood insect repellent is a boron compound. Including boric acid, borax, sodium octaborate. In order to achieve sufficient insecticidal power, the insecticide in the wood should reach a certain amount (ie dry salt retention) and a certain penetration depth. Generally, the amount of pesticide to be treated should be more than 0.2% of boric acid equivalent (BAE). For rubber wood, it is best to achieve O. 4%, the penetration depth should reach 12mm or more or the entire sapwood.
Boron is a ubiquitous thing in nature. For example, in humans, plants, soil, water, etc., boron is an indispensable element. The reason why boron has a wide range of uses is mainly because it has good properties, such as extremely low toxicity, colorless and odorless, and the price is cheap. Boron is used as a wood insecticide and has been used for decades. It has been found by various tests that boron compounds are quite toxic to some bacteria and insects that are harmful. The main countries currently using boride are New Zealand, Australia, the United States, Canada, the Philippines, Finland, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Japan, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand.
From the practical situation of boron compounds used in medicine, fertilizer, food utensils, herbicides, etc., its toxicity to humans and animals is very low. In addition, the US environmental protection law is very strict in the world. Even in this case, the relevant factories in the country have been manufacturing various boron compounds for more than 100 years, and workers do not wear masks in dusty environments. Engaged in regular labor, I have never heard of the harm of the human body due to boron. Accordingly, it can be considered that boron is not only very toxic, but also has little or no accumulation and residue in the body.
The boron-containing agents originally used for wood are boric acid and borax. In recent years, premixes of boric acid and borax, such as Parachem, have been developed for ease of use in factory production, as well as to ensure optimum ratios of boric acid and borax, solubility, color and quality control of treated wood. This way, in the factory, you can avoid the operation.
The staff used the error in estimating the weight when formulating the treatment solution, and avoided the problem that the ratio of boric acid to borax was inconsistent. In addition, sodium octaborate tetrahydrate is used as a wood preservative (products such as Parachem plus) for many years. It is manufactured by special processing methods and is used exclusively for wood treatment. As a wood insect repellent, it has been widely used in many countries around the world.
Boron compounds such as boric acid, borax, boric acid/borax premix, and sodium borate tetrahydrate are colorless and odorless, and it is impossible to judge the treatment with the naked eye. Therefore, a special medicine is used to develop color, that is, curcumin solution coloring method. As long as the drug is sprayed on the treated material, the presence or absence of the boron compound can be checked. If a red reaction occurs, it means that the wood contains a boron compound. If the red reaction is obvious, it means that the content of the boron compound in the wood reaches 0.2% or more.
This color test is included in the process as a daily work and must be carried out. Because if the treatment process or equipment is wrong, the boron compound is not fully penetrated and diffused into the wood, it is not only the cause of the pest, but also the wood becomes a foreign product, not only to the processing company (manufacturer) but also to the user. It brings a lot of trouble.
4.2.1 Characteristics of boron compounds
Boron compounds have the following characteristics, and should be noted when selecting and using:
Boron compound treatment is effective for wood decay fungi that are hazardous to buildings or all construction equipment; it is effective for dry pests that generally endanger furniture.
Boron compound treatment can be used for semi-permanent effects on pests or decaying bacteria when it is not in contact with the soil or when it is protected indoors by roofing, walls, paints, etc.
When the boron compound is used to treat wood, it may be a diffusion method or a pressure impregnation method. The diffusion method can completely saturate the sapwood, and the pressure method can also be saturated into the heartwood.
The boron compound treatment does not change the color and nature of the wood itself, and it has no odor of the medicine, and it is very clean and safe to operate.
The boron compound treatment material is harmless and non-toxic to humans and animals.
If the pH of the boron compound solution is near neutral, the pH of the treated material is not changed, and there is almost no influence on the strength and properties of the wood.
Wood or plywood treated with a boron compound insect repellent can be well glued with a binder containing furfural or resorcinol resin.
However, it should be noted that boron compounds are not resistant to loss. If the boron compound treated wood is wetted (such as rain, water, etc.), the boron compounds in the wood will gradually lose, and its antiseptic/insect effect will be gradually reduced, or even completely lost, and will also produce groundwater. influences. Therefore, the boron-treated wood can only be used indoors and is not in contact with water. For outdoor use, it must be protected by water.
5 main wood insecticides / insecticides Trade name manufacturer Boppes Koppers Arch wood protection company borax boring China Liaoning, Shanghai Wushui borax Koppers Arch wood protection company Parachem Koppers Arch wood protection company Parachem Plus Koppers Arch wood protection company Sodium Borate Special India Borax Morarji Ltd Antiborer 10EC Koppers Arch Timber protection company Timbor American Chemical Company
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Wood pests and their prevention and control
1. Wood pests and their species