Preparation and application of immunomagnetic microspheres

Immunomagnostic beads (IMB) are a new class of materials developed by the combination of immunology and magnetic carrier technology. IMB is a magnetic microsphere coated with a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to a target substance containing the corresponding antigen to form a new complex. When passed through a magnetic field, this complex can be retained and separated from other components. This process is called Immunomagnification. The immunomagnetic separation is simple and easy, the separation purity is high, the target substance activity is retained, and it is efficient, rapid and low-toxic. It can be widely used in cell separation and purification, immunoassay, nucleic acid analysis and genetic engineering, as a carrier for targeted drug delivery, etc. field. The magnetic microspheres are formed by combining carrier microspheres and ligands. The ideal magnetic microspheres are uniform spherical, superparamagnetic and protective shell particles. 1. Introduction of magnetic microspheres 1. Magnetic materials γ-Fe2O4, Me-Fe2O4 (Me = Co, Mn, Ni), Fe3O4, Ni, Co, Fe, Fe-Co and Ni-Fe alloys, etc. The most widely used are iron and its oxides (Fe, Fe2O4, Fe3O4, etc.). 2. Polymer materials such as polyethyleneimine, polyvinyl alcohol, polysaccharides (cellulose, agarose, dextran, chitosan, etc.) and bovine serum albumin. Groups with chemical functions on the surface, such as -OH, -NH2, -COOH, and -CONO2, allow magnetic microcarriers to couple almost any biologically active protein. 3. The functional ligand base must have the characteristics of bio-specificity, and the carrier and the microspheres do not affect or change the original biological characteristics of the ligand after binding with the ligand, and ensure the special recognition function of the microsphere. The magnetic polymer microspheres determine the size and shape of the immunomagnetic microspheres. Hirschein obtains the relationship between the applied magnetic field force and the magnetic microspheres: F = (Xv - Xv0) VH (dH / dX) where F is the applied magnetic field force; Xv is the magnetic susceptibility of the magnetic microsphere; Xv0 is the magnetic susceptibility of the medium ; H is the applied magnetic field; V is the volume of the magnetic microsphere; dH / dX is the magnetic field strength. The force F of the magnetic particles in the magnetic field is proportional to the size of the particles. When the particle diameter D>10μm, it can be separated under a weak magnetic field, it is easy to precipitate, and the amount of adsorbed biomolecules is also small; at diameter D
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